Finite Verb

Finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs.
Finite verb can form “Independent clause” which can stand by their own as complete sentences. An independent clause as a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentences.
In English, only verbs in certain mood are finite. These include :
1. Indicative mood : expressing a state of affairs.
In indicative mood, finite verbs must use verbs.
Example :
- Ani is going to visit her mother in hospital.
- He has waited his father since morning.
- The bulldozer demolished the restaurant.

2. Imperative mood : giving a command.
Dalam imperative mood, finite verbs tidak memerlukan subjek karena tanpa memakai subjek pun kalimatnya sudah jelas.
Example :
- Positive command : “Help me, please!”
- Negative verb : “Don’t do that!”

Narrative text

Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.

The generic structure of Narrative text :
1. Orientation :
It set the scene and introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when, what, and
where).

2. Complication :
Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them.

3. Resolution :
The crisis is revolved, for better or worse.

4. Re-orientation :
The ending of the story.

5. Evaluation :
The stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story
Linguistic features :

1. Use active verbs.
2. Use past tense.
3. Use conjunction.
4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
5. Use specific nouns.
6. Use adjective and adverbs

Kind of Narrative text :
1. Legend : Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang, etc.
2. Fable : Mousedeer and crocodile.
3. Fairy tale : Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, etc.
4. Science fiction

Simple Present Tense

• Nominal :
(+ ) S + to be + Complement (noun, adjective, and adverb).
( - ) S + to be + not + Complement.
( ? )to be + S + Complement + ?
Example :
(+ ) Reza is always happy.
( - ) Reza is not always happy.
( ? )Is Reza always happy?
• Verbal :
(+ ) S + Verb 1(s/es) + O.
( - ) S + do/does + not + Verb 1 + O.
( ? )do/does + S + Verb 1 + O + ?
Example :
(+ ) I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.
( - ) I do not usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.
( ? )Do I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning?

Simple present tense used to show :
• Daily routines or habitual action :
Example :
(+ ) Hamirat always swims in the afternoon.
( - ) Hamirat does not always swim in the afternoon.
( ? )Does Hamirat always swim in the afternoon?
• An action that happen in the present time if followed with stative verbs. Example of stative verbs are : know, understand, have, believe, hate, need, hear, love, appear, see, like, seem, smell, want, taste, wish, sound own and etc.
Example :
(+ ) They understand the problem now.
( - ) They don’t understand the problem now.
( ? )Do They understand the problem now?
Note :
1. In positive sentences or affirmative, add s/es to the main verbs of the sentences whose subject is the third person singular (he, she, it ). And if the sentences whose subject I, you, we, and they, so the verbs still in the main verbs.
2. In negative sentences, after subject he, she, and it used “does not”, and after subject I, you, we, and they used “do not”.
3. In interrogative sentences, in front subject he, she, and it used “does”, and in front subject I, you, we and they used “do”.

News item

A news item text is a factual text which informs reader of daily newspaper about events of tha day which regarder as newsworth or important.

The purpose of the text is used to announce to the listener about an action or event that is important.

The structure of the text consist of three part:
1. Newsworthy even
recounts the events in summary form.
2. Background events
Elaborate what happene, to whom, and in what circum stances.
3. Source
Comments by participants in withness to and authorities epert on the event.

Language features:

1. Focus to some body, animal, or specific thing
2. Short information that is in core
3. Using action verb as an example: eat, I am, etc
4. Using saying verb as an example: say, tell, etc
5. Using adverb of time and adverb of place
6. Using adverb as an example: badly,etc
7. Report using past tense: was received, etc
8. Ordered as the event’s process.

Advertisement

Advertisement is information for persuading and motivating people so that will attract them to the service and the things that offered or informed.

Function of Advertisement :

1. Promotion.
2. Comunication.
3. Information.

Language of Advertisement keep the following points :

· Using the correct or suitable words.

· Using the interesting and suggestive expression.

· Using positive expression.

· Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.

Content of Advertisement :

v Objective and honest.

v Brief and clear.

v Not allude group or other producer.

v Attract attention.

Media of Advertisement :

* By television.

* By radio.

*Bilboard.

* Leaflet.


* Famflet.

*Newspaper.

* Magazine.

Kinds of Advertisement :

Ø Family advertisement.

Ø Invitation advertisement.

Ø Announcement advertisement.

Ø Article advertisement.

Ø Requested advertisement.

Ø Sponsored advertisement.

Ø Offer advertisement.

Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation

Gratitude is expression that used to said thank you to other people.


Kind of gratitude expression are :

v Thank you very much.

v Thanks.

v I’m grateful to…….

v I want to thank.

v I want to express my gratitude to……..

v I keep forgetting to thank you for…….


Respon of expressing :

v You are welcome.

v Don’t mention it.

v Not at all

v It was nothing at all.

v No problem

v Glad to be of help.

v (it was) my pleasure.

v I’m glad I could help.

v I’m glad I could do it.

v I’m glad I could be of help.


Compliment is expression that used to give
the praising to other people. Some people use compliment to better up someday or to flatter in order to increase good will.


Expressing :

* What a nice dress.
* You look great.
* You look very nice.
* I really must express my admiration for you………
* Good grades.
* Excellent.
* Nice work.


Time to express compliment :

* On his/her general appearance.
* If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
* When you visit someone’s hous for the first time.
* When other people do their best.

Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.

Expressing :

* Let me congratulate you.
* Congratulations on you successful business.
* My congratulations on your success.
* Congratulations on your promotion.
* Good!
* Tha’s great!
* Isn’t that wonderful!
* How fortunate.
* Splendid!
* Pretty good!


Responding :

· Thank you.

· Thanks, I needed that.

· That’s very kind of you.

· It’s very kind of you to say that.

· Do you really think so?

· You’ve made my day!

· The same to you.

· I’m glad you like it.

· Thank you. It’s nice of you to say so.